noun or participle which takes the aux. verb suruadverb (fukushi)adverb taking the `to' particle
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カツカツ;かつかつ
barely/scraping by
adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)adverb (fukushi)
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かな;かなあ
(at sentence end) I wonder/(at sentence end) should I?/is it?/(at sentence end) I wish that (with a negative)/I hope that
particle
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上さん;かみさん
(one's) wife/(someone's) wife/landlady
noun
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かも知れません;かもしれません
may/might/perhaps/may be/possibly
expressions (phrases, clauses, etc.)
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から
from (e.g. time, place, numerical quantity)/since/from (originator)/by/because/since/out of (constituent, part)/through (e.g. window, vestibule)/after/since
particle
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揶揄い;からかい
banter/teasing/persiflage
noun
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からから;カラカラ
parched/dried-up/bone-dry/empty/hollow/rattling/clattering/laughing loudly/roaring with laughter
adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)nouns which may take the genitive case particle `no'adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)adverb (fukushi)adverb taking the `to' particle