commonadjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)nounnoun (common) (futsuumeishi)adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyodoshi)adverb taking the `to' particle
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陥没;かんぼつ
cave-in/collapse/sinking/depression (e.g. of the skull)/subsidence
commonnoun or participle which takes the aux. verb surunoun
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岩石;がんせき
rock
commonnoun
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奇襲;きしゅう
surprise attack
commonnoun or participle which takes the aux. verb surunounnouns which may take the genitive case particle `no'
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寄生虫;きせいちゅう
parasite
commonnoun
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寄与;きよ
contribution/service
commonnoun or participle which takes the aux. verb surunoun